Refers to the policies and practices conducted by a higher education institution when a student transfers to it from another institution. The receiving institution typically evaluates the student’s transcript and decides which courses will transfer and apply to the student’s degree or certificate completion, which courses will transfer as elective credits, and which courses will not transfer. These processes are carried out manually by many institutions and can create financial disincentives for awarding degree-applicable credit given the complexity of some transfer situations. The field is moving toward sharing digital credentials to speed up the process and reduce costs for institutions, however, progress is moving slowly.