Refers to governance structures established in most states in the United States to develop and implement postsecondary education policy. Policies typically focus on aligning state postsecondary education policy with state and federal statutes; administering academic, financial aid, and workforce programs to include the review and approval of academic programs and research centers; commissioning and conducting research and analysis and completing data reports; and setting tuition rates, administering funding formulas, and allocating funds. Governors often appoint their Chief Operating Officers (CEOs).

State Systems of Higher Education occur in states which centralize governance under boards that oversee multiple higher education institutions within the state. Functions include managing campus systems and individual institutions; and making decisions related to funding, policies, and overall coordination.

Coordinating Boards serve as a liaison between state government and the governing boards of individual higher education institutions. Functions include fostering collaboration and alignment among individual institutions.