Refers to a core set of industries that provide the foundational goods, services, and infrastructure necessary for a nation’s functioning and growth. In the United States, this includes construction, manufacturing, energy, public services, transportation and logistics, and skilled trades. Collectively, these industries employ approximately 95 million workers across 3 million businesses and generate over one-third of the nation’s gross domestic product (GDP). Despite its outsized role in supporting daily life and long-term economic resilience, the Essential Economy faces persistent challenges—including labor shortages, skill gaps, and declining productivity. These challenges pose risks to national competitiveness and future prosperity.